1997年年會論文 -A片與男性觀眾解讀
篇名
A片與男性觀眾解讀
Male Viewers ’ Responses to Pornography
作者
林芳玫
中文摘要
本論文以十九名男性為訪談對象,探討他們對色情A片的認知與解讀方式。自六O年代以來,行為主義實證量化研究針對色情的效果做了大量研究。這些研究主要是探討色情中的暴力與強暴情節對人們在行為、態度、認知上的影響。大部分研究顯示A片強化觀眾的強暴迷思以及對暴力的接受度。這類研究有其一定貢獻,但受限於實證科學主義的思考方式,傾向於在正常/脫軌二者之間劃出一條清楚的線,把暴力與強暴視為異常、脫軌,因此色情內容如果沒有暴力與強暴情節,那就是無害的。

在這篇論文裡,我認為正常/異常、健康/變態的區分是不必要的,色情A片對閱\聽人的影響也不是行為主義式的有害/無害的爭論。我從男性受訪者的談話中發現,他們的觀視位置、性別位置與認知方式都極為固定與彼此類似。A片做為日常生活的一部分,是男人看女人,而且是看「女人應該要有的樣子」。A片的動作與情節儘管日新月異、有著多元呈現,整體說來,則是男人共同去想象、建構、詮釋「女人應該要有的樣子」。

如果說A片有任何「傷害」可言,我認為不只是暴力的問題,而是男性單方面壟斷了「女人的樣子」的定義權與詮釋權,排除了和女人互為主體性(inter-subjectivity)的可能。男性一廂情願的想法可說是一種「自閉症」,而這種自閉症又經由生產A片、看A片、談A片的過程向外投射,加諸於活生生的女性身上。因此,色情論述的核心議題並非色情的定義及其行為效果,而是男性如何觀看女性。

環繞著這個主題,本篇論文共分三大部分。第一節首先將十九位深度訪談的男性觀眾加以分類,描述他們對A片的態度與看法,這些觀眾類型分別為清純保守型、藝術欣賞型、輕鬆好看型及實用演練型。第二節則由不同男性觀眾類型的比較進入男性共同特色的分析,也就是探討其普遍性而不強調其個別特殊性。最後,我討論幾種替色情辯護的觀點,並對這些觀點提出質疑與批判。
英文摘要
In this paper, I interview 19 men to explore the ways they responds to and interpret pornographic films. Since the ’60s, quantitative researches in the paradigm of behavioralism and positivism have conducted a great deal of studies regarding the effects of pornography on audiences. These research are particularly concerned with the effects of rape and violence in pornography. They tend to draw a clear line between violence /non-violence pornography consists of violent contents and effects on viewers ’ cognition and behavior.

In the paper, I argue that the harm of pornography should be reconceptualized. Pornography constructs the images of and definition of female sexuality, rejecting the opinions of women from real life. I therefore conceptualize the harm of pornography as reinforcing male solipsism, excluding women from the position of sex object.

This paper consists of three parts. First I divide male viewers into four types:1. the conservative type, who dislike pornography; 2. the connoisseurs, who treat pornography as artistic materials to be appreciated; 3. the leisure type, who uses pornography to escape boredom; 4. the practical users, who use pornography for sexual arousal.

In the second part of this paper, I will describe the similarity of all male viewers. All of them are concerned with men’s pleasure of looking at women and have no interest in looking at men and being looked at (whether by men or by women). Finally, I discuss feminist critiques of pornography and men ’s reaction to these critiques.
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