羊皮紙上的歷史記憶：後二二八的創傷政治論述建構

張惠嵐

本文從社會學的取徑出發，強調歷史事件之「後」的詮釋問題，試圖透過 1995 年後的場域：週期式的新聞報導，梳理出國族創傷歷史的儀式化建構，如何形塑出重大歷史事件的印象，又是如何因應執政環境的轉變而產生具有政治性意味十足的創痛記憶論述，亦即，後二二八創痛記憶的政治使用。我關心的是，當我們都同意二二八事件是歷史的（historical），那麼，事件如何具有歷史性（historic），亦即，歷史事件的意義、特別是重大的意義是從何而來。因此，我採取的研究位置是站立在一個史實性的「對應面」，從一個後二二八的視野出發，關注的是，當二二八成為一個不斷被援引的歷史光點；當歷史事件成為一個可供詮釋的可及標的，在一個不斷地回歸到史實性的過程中，歷史事件如何揉雜在當代的社會、政治生活中，歷經何種事後意義的重建過程，成為「經典化」的事件。
依循此，本文以歷史事件如何透過一個「後事件」的重複詮釋與建構的過程，成為國族社會的文化記憶，作為論證重點。而週期性的新聞報導正扮演了國族創傷「重複回溯」這類的文化功\能。以論述分析法，檢視政治人物在紀念儀式場合上的發言，摸索創痛記憶論述如何牽涉為一種回憶的政治化表徵。本文透過不同年度的政治人物談話中，梳理出創痛記憶的政治性建構，是依循著不同的執政環境中，因為相關政治事件的發酵，而被特意彰顯出來。本文勾勒出，此種後二二八的紀念性文化對創痛記憶的政治使用，是一種從史實到政治；從個人到集體的建構過程。依循著不同政權在位，對於二二八的創痛記憶建構有五項轉化的歷程，從一史實性的論述過渡為政治性的論述建構過程：一、政權承載團體屬性及定位的轉變；二、事件本質的轉變；三、被害人本質的轉變；四、與廣大閱\聽人關係的轉變；五、歷史事件的道德意涵啟示。

This study takes a sociological approach to Taiwan’s 228 Incident--an event that involves the massive violence of the government against the people. It deals with two questions: Given that the “228 Incident” is commemorated as a historic event, how is the“historic” quality bestowed upon this particular event? Furthermore, how is the significance of this event (or essential significance for that matter) derived? The study mainly takes issue with the event as a “post-228 Incident,” a historical retrospective that is mnemonically resurrected in the press coverage. The position of this study is designed to be on the “counterpoint” of factuality, such counterpoint is also for the purpose of creating a correlative point of observation, in order to register the process
of how a historical event is braided into the social and political fabric of a given contemporary society, and how that historical event moves beyond propositional construct to becoming a statutorily resurrected “canon.”

Using methods such as discourse analysis, this study is engaged in examining how the incident and memory to it are recurssively constructed in the press coverage, involve different carrier groups, and policitized with different poltical intersts by the political regimes. This study states how the post-228 Incident memorial culture relates to the political abuse of traumatic memory by a constructive process that comprises of the historical/factual to the political and the personal to the collective.

國族創傷、創痛記憶、後事件、後二二八

nation trauma, traumatic memory, post-event, post-228 Incident era

2011-07-04

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羊皮紙上的歷史記憶：後二二八的創傷政治論述建構.pdf