本研究分成三大部分,第一部分整理中國新聞媒體實習勞動制度以及工作條件,更細緻地呈現新聞媒體實習勞動樣貌。第二部分則是從新聞媒體實習生觀點出發,從實習動機到肯認實習與否,以探討實習生為何願意投入普遍無酬或低報酬的新聞實習勞動。最後一部分則是分析實習勞動制度、工作條件,及甘願勞動的動機與認同,並試圖與Burawoy的「製造甘願」觀點對話。研究結果發現在實習進入管道、工作條件和實習內容上,中國實習制度混亂,勞動樣貌複雜。另外,媒體普遍將實習勞動視為不正式勞動力,以較一般員工有限和寬鬆的態度對待實習生。但中國實習生獨立產製程度高,無薪或低報酬狀況普遍,不僅相當早開始實習,實習總長也長;同時實習生與正職互動關係也更加傾向一般職場的「指揮」關係。甘願勞動部分,中國實習生的甘願勞動程度十分高。整體而言,實習生普遍認為實習有助未來職涯也肯認實習意義。Burawoy 指出勞動過程被建構成一場遊戲,工人產生了同意。肯認實習價值的實習生等同對實習產生了同意,進而一再投入「實習遊戲」。遊戲也掩飾了背後的生產關係,讓媒體資方掩飾及取得剩餘勞動(Burawoy, 1979/林宗弘等譯,2005)。然而製造甘願論點仍有限制,以製造業工廠為背景的「製造甘願」不能完全解釋新聞媒體實習勞動。本研究除了希望補充勞動和媒體研究在「製造甘願」的探討;也期望研究能促進基層實習生的勞動處境,以帶來更好的新聞品質。
This essay has 3 parts. First, picture the whole Chinese news medias’ intern system & labour condition. Second, through interviews, try to answer the question of why interns are willing to do no-pay/low-pay media internship through interviews. Third, to analyze internship system, and motivation, identification of inters by adopting Burawoy’s ”Manufacturing Consent” theory.
This article found that Chinese internship was chaotic and complicated. News medias don’t treat interns as formal labour. Chinese journalism interns do much jobs than
we imagine, and get no-pay or low-pay, but most of them are still willing to do as many inters as possible. Because they believe they can get better jobs in the future. It like Burawoy’s research, labouring is structed as a game which makes interns keep searching different internships. But, this theory which based on the manufacturing industry, cannot totally explain the news media labour.