普及服務與美國一九九六年電訊傳播法
Universal Service and the Telecommunications Act of 1996
作者
彭芸
Peng, Bonnie
中文摘要
美國一九九六年電訊傳播法(Telecommunications Act of 1996)對美國及全球的電訊傳播發展都有無比的重要性,它一方面反映了美國自從一九八三年美國電話電報公司(AT&T)被迫分家以來紛爭不止的科技及規約環境,另方面也代表美國在邁向二十一世紀時的準備。為藉由國家資訊基磐(NII)而擴展至全球資訊基磐(GII),美國柯林頓政府在電訊傳播領域上的企圖心至為明顯。
In the United States, the telecommunications Act of 1996 represents a vision of a telecommunications marketplace where the flexibility and innovation of competition replaces the heavy hand of regulation. There stated goals of the Act are to promote competition, to promote efficiency, and to create explicit, above-the-table regulatory policies. And a major component of the Act broadens the scope of existing universal service policy to include new telecommunication services and to target new groups of subscribers, namely schools, libraries, and health care provides. Economist predicted that the new policies will require $4-12 billion per year to fund, depending on details of the plan not yet determined.
This paper introduces the universal service policy of 1996 Telecommunications Act of the United States and the status of USOs(Universal Service Obligations) of related advanced countries. There are different assumptions toward communication and information industry in the United States. And the regulatory philosophies are differed too. Is POTS-based definition of universal service still relevant in the age of Information Society? Who will pay for it? What are the services be included? Could universal service policy help solve the problems of knowledge gap between the haves and have-nots?