台灣戰後廣播工業的控制與依附研究 (1947-1961)—抑制需求面與管制生
The Control and Dependency of Postwar Taiwan Radio Industry (1947-1961): Demand Constraint and Supply Control of Radio Manufacturing Industry

程宗明

台灣戰後的廣播事業建構締造了急速成長的特例，然而在收音機製造工業部門卻被抑制。被形容為成功\的 「島內生產收音機導引出口實力」的台灣工業典範，如果將其產業供給與需求面統合來重新詮釋，將呈現一個抑制需求與管制生產的爭議話題。本論文假設，這樣的問題性，從國家競爭、世界體系、及集權國家廣播模式的觀點來看，將會浮現出來，使台灣1950至1960年廣播工業呈現另一種發展史觀。

本文認為國家競爭模式統合了美援機構與國府之間的利益，使廣播事業成了心戰體系運作的子系統，執行反共宣傳的頻譜政策與內容製播抑制了收聽廣播的意願；收音機執照費繳交與隨之而來檢查制度，設下了擁有收音機的成本門檻與風險；而美日資本對廣播事業的挹注，配合國家計劃經濟的行政審核，干預了收音機買賣市場的供需關係，製造了高售價的產品與聚斂價差的特權，並推廣了外銷出口導向的收音機依附生產，使國內供需市場壟斷在有限的生產者手中。

A short time-established radio stations and signal transmitters evidenced the fast growing postwar Taiwan radio industry. However, the demand of radio manufacturing was constrained after historically reviewing the supply and demand sectors of radio industry altogether. This paper proposed that this historical fact in fifties was resulted from the Nationalist government for her survival gained through the policy strategies of national competition, world system, and authoritarian control.
The national competition policy formed the alliance of U.S. aid administration and Nationalist government in subordinating Taiwan radio industry to be part of U.S. psychological warfare system. The radio spectrum allocation and program editorial policy of radio industry depressed listeners by its nature of anti-Communist propaganda. The authoritarian license registration and fees for owning a radio receiver and the accompanied institutional supervision made the owner greatly concern the risk of having it. The international--U.S. and Japanese--capitals, which underpinned the major local radio manufacturing industry, directed Nationalist government to promote the export-oriented radio receivers production and leave the domestic demand market to the hands of import regulatory bodies, high price market mechanism, and the ideological apparatus--Broadcasting Corporation of China--made receivers business.

美援，收音機生產，進口替代，廣播工業，執照費，頻譜分配

import substitution, license fees, radio industry, radio manufacturing, spectrum allocation, U.S. aid.

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台灣戰後廣播工業的控制與依附研究 (1947-1961)—抑制需求面與管制生.pdf