「心靈疾病」的建構─台灣SPA新聞報導分析
The construction of an imaginary disease in Taiwan: the analysis of Taiwan ’s media coverage of spa
作者
林佳韻
Lin, Chia Yuun
中文摘要
SPA被視為台灣新興的保健文化，透過大量的媒體呈現與廣告行銷，彷彿蔚為一種流行。但是，令人好奇的是，有別於過往對症下藥的模式，SPA此種「被視為」醫療化的過程，卻未言明「疾病」為何。過往，疾病的定義往往依賴醫師或專家的界定，但是SPA「療程」所對應的「疾病」，由誰定義？而這樣的「疾病」，又是怎樣一個建構與想像？本研究從中國時報與聯合報的SPA新聞文本中，試圖找尋其所呈現的疾病圖像為何、並探究如何報導。藉由論述分析，了解新聞報導如何合理化SPA為一種「醫療行為」，同時報導中又傳遞何種權力意涵。 研究透過批判醫療社會學的觀點，解構SPA「醫療化」的概念，發現SPA的確具備「醫療化」的條件，如利用精密儀器和專業人員的詮釋等。研究發現屬於另類醫學觀點的醫療專家(中醫師、過去民俗醫學體系的物理治療師等)，利用抽象的另類醫療語言，活躍於SPA的論述場域。而原本西方醫學的論述，卻失去了舞台。而SPA所指涉的社會流行病學人口，卻更是「有錢消費」的代表，此種現象，正如同Dubos所強調「健康的海市蜃樓」(The Mirage of Health)，已成為製造疾病的產業(sick-making enterprises)，以信仰「醫療」作為解決的手段，而心靈疾病的建構，不過是「SPA」龐大醫療產業製造病人的藉口。
英文摘要
The ubiquitous media coverage of spa has made it a new panacea for local people in Taiwan to cure their "illness". Supposedly, it is a doctor or clinician who has the professional knowledge to identify the species of illness and prescribe specific treatment for it; however, in the case of spa "therapy", people directly go to spa for curing an imaginary disease, invented by local media coverage and ad campaigns. What makes people regard spa as a legitimate medical therapy? By following news reports in Taiwan, I will focus on what kind of "illness" was brought in by the local media and how news stories presented Spa as a therapeutic medical procedure. The research is conducted with the discourse analysis to examine news coverage from Taiwan ’s two dominant news agencies, the China Times and the United Daily, in search of the root cause of an imaginary disease and the context of it.